Who has seen the wind? A natural history of storm winds in Nova Scotia, 1957-2024
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The natural history of storm winds is described for Nova Scotia from the late 1950s to 2024. The overall pattern was a decline from greater storm frequency and intensity in the 1960s to minimal levels 2000-2011, and a subsequent return to levels experienced in the 1970s and 1980s. Patterns were consistent in five wind metrics: (1) maximum provincial wind gust; (2) mean of annual wind maximum from the five sites; (3) annual mean of monthly maxima; (4) number of storm days (i.e., wind ≥ 75 km h-1); and (5) number of months per year with maximum wind ≥ 75 km h-1). Linear regression equations were significant in both the declining and increasing years. These results are consistent with continent-wide wind stilling and recovery. Despite significant temperature increases since 1998 and an increase in wind metrics since the early 2000s, the overall relationship between wind and tempera-ture since the 1950s has been negative. These results are discussed in light of oceanographic events including periods of La Niña, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the development of ocean hotspots. Increasing winter temperatures and winds are predicted to have a negative effect on plant communities along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Keywords: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, climate change, ocean hotspots, storms, wind stilling
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".