Factors associated with suicidality among youth in Canada with co-occurring physical illness and mental/neurodevelopmental disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth in Canada. Limited evidence suggests that having multiple chronic health conditions increases the risk of suicidality. However, no studies have investigated correlates of suicidality among youth with co-occurring physical and mental or neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., multimorbidity). METHODS: Data come from 3535 youth, aged 15-17 years enrolled in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth with 1041 reporting multimorbidity. Responses to survey questions were provided by youth in each household. Three outcomes related to suicidality are analyzed: past-year hopelessness, past-year suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempt. Sociodemographic, family, and community factors were included in regression models. RESULTS: Hopelessness (44.4 %), suicidal ideation (27.6 %), and suicide attempts (18.7 %) were commonly reported among youth with multimorbidity. Females (OR = 2.84 [1.93, 4.19]), youth reporting victimization (OR = 1.11 [1.07, 1.16]), and youth whose parent/guardian reported poor mental health (OR = 3.98 [2.16, 7.30]) were more likely to report hopelessness. Females (OR = 2.04 [1.32, 3.14]), girls attracted to girls (OR = 5.89 [1.85, 18.80]), and youth attracted to more than one gender (OR = 3.48 [1.72, 7.84]) were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Females (OR = 3.53 [2.08, 5.99]), boys attracted to boys (OR = 5.54 [1.09, 28.17]), youth attracted to more than one gender (OR = 2.57 [1.34, 4.93]), and youth whose parent/guardian reported poor mental health (OR = 2.72 [1.35, 5.50]) were more likely to report a suicide attempt. INTERPRETATION: Findings reinforce the need for continued screening, early interventions and person/family-centred approaches to integrated physical-mental/neurodevelopmental care for youth with multimorbidity. Further, targeted support for youth with non-heterosexual orientations experiencing mental health challenges are needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".