Sperm Quality in Cryopreserved Holstein Friesian Bull Semen and Bacterial Load as Affected by Different Extenders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study compared the effects of two different types of extenders, tris aminomethane egg yolk and modified trico egg yolk, on sperm quality after thawing and bacterial load in cryopreserved semen from a Holstein Friesian bull. Semen samples were divided into two treatment groups, each consisting of five semen tubes (0.25 ml), which were frozen using either Tris aminomethane egg yolk extender or modified trico egg yolk extender. Post-thaw evaluation included sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, membrane and acrosome integrity, capacitation status, DNA fragmentation, sperm kinematics, and bacterial load. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, while bacterial content was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Tris aminomethane extender had higher sperm quality parameters after thawing compared to Trico egg yolk extender. Specifically, Tris aminomethane is higher than trico egg yolk in motility (48.20%), viability (68.10%), intact acrosome integrity (70.36%), and membrane integrity (67.92%). Additionally, significantly higher values were observed in parameters related to sperm kinematics, including Curvilinear Distance (DCL, 62.22%), Curvilinear Velocity (VCL, 155.06%), and Amplitude of Lateral Head (ALH, 8.97%). Meanwhile, the trico egg yolk extender caused significantly higher values in sperm straightness (STR, 84.02%), linearity (LIN, 56.22%), and wobble (WOB, 65.40%). The content of E. coli and Mycoplasma bacteria was higher in the trico extender, while Staphylococcus was more dominant in the tris aminomethane extender. These findings indicate that both extenders can maintain the quality of frozen sperm. The results of this study indicate that the Trico egg yolk extender is a reasonable and cost-effective alternative, with comparable performance in several sperm quality parameters; however, the effectiveness of bacterial inhibition needs to be reevaluated in relation to the antibiotic dosage used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".