Low-Cost Foldable Printed RGW Wideband MIMO Antenna With Additively Manufactured Dielectric Resonator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work introduces, for the first time, a wideband, low-cost, foldable Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) origami antenna with an additively manufactured dielectric resonator (DR) for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) applications, operating from 12 to 15 GHz. The mechanical foldability is achieved using a surrogate hinge architecture, allowing the antenna to fold nearly 360° without mechanical or electromagnetic (EM) failure, thus enabling beam reconfigurability. Using a multi-permittivity DR based on low-cost polylactic acid (PLA) materials with ϵr1= 2.72 (100% infill) and ϵr2= 1.24 (18% infill), the TE11, TE21, and hybrid mode B are excited, and thus wideband impedance bandwidth is achieved. The proposed compact MIMO antenna achieves high isolation of 40 dB, with a gain of 7.5 dBi at 13.5 GHz and a radiation efficiency of 85%. Experimental validation confirms that the measured results align well with the simulated results over the operating frequency band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".