Low-Cost Foldable Printed RGW Wideband MIMO Antenna With Additively Manufactured Dielectric Resonator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work introduces, for the first time, a wideband, low-cost, foldable Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) origami antenna with an additively manufactured dielectric resonator (DR) for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) applications, operating from 12 to 15 GHz. The mechanical foldability is achieved using a surrogate hinge architecture, allowing the antenna to fold nearly 360° without mechanical or electromagnetic (EM) failure, thus enabling beam reconfigurability. Using a multi-permittivity DR based on low-cost polylactic acid (PLA) materials with ϵ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>r</i>1</sub> = 2.72 (100% infill) and ϵ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>r</i>2</sub> = 1.24 (18% infill), the TE11, TE21, and hybrid mode B are excited, and thus wideband impedance bandwidth is achieved. The proposed compact MIMO antenna achieves high isolation of 40 dB, with a gain of 7.5 dBi at 13.5 GHz and a radiation efficiency of 85%. Experimental validation confirms that the measured results align well with the simulated results over the operating frequency band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".