Effect of MAX Phase Mo2TiAlC2 on the PVDF Ultrafiltration Membrane Properties and Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrafiltration membranes are widely used in wastewater filtration due to their efficiency relative to conventional water treatment technologies. To improve the antifouling property of the PVDF membrane, a composite ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated employing the in-situ embedment approach throughout the phase inversion process and utilizing a new 2D material, MAX phase Molybdenum Titanium Aluminium Carbide (Mo2TiAlC2). The membranes were described using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and porosity measurements. Rejection tests were applied to study the produced membranes. Adding Mo2TiAlC2 increased the hydrophilicity of the composite membrane compared to the pristine membrane. Porosity and membrane pore size increased with the addition up to 0.6% wt. The most hydrophilic membrane (M3) recorded the highest protein rejection of 84.9%, which was much higher than that of the pristine membrane. These findings highlight the potential of Mo2TiAlC2 as a promising PVDF membrane additive.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".