Temperature modulates the protein dynamics of the antigen presentation pathway in VHSV IVb-infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rainbow trout face challenges due to climate change, increasing their susceptibility to pathogens like viruses. The endogenous antigen presentation pathway is essential for antiviral immunity by presenting intracellular antigens to cytotoxic lymphocytes. While previous studies show impaired expression of antigen presentation molecules at suboptimal temperatures, little is known about how temperature affects the protein function of the antigen presentation pathway during viral infections. This study aims to understand how temperature modulates the antigen presentation pathway in rainbow trout infected with the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) IVb. Rainbow trout cell lines were exposed to 4°C, 14°C, and 20°C and sampled at 1-, 4-, and 9-days post-infection (dpi). The cell surface expression of MHC-I and beta 2-microglobulin (β2m), the proteasome activity, β2m release and the secretion of IFN-I, were analyzed. Over the course of nine days, VHSV IVb-infected cells exposed to 14°C and 20°C, exhibited impaired MHC-I/β2m surface expression. In addition, proteasome activity was higher at 9 dpi at 14°C and 20°C, suggesting an increase in viral peptide processing. Release of β2m into the media, correlated with MHC-I recycling and trafficking, was detected at 14°C. Also, differences in secretion of IFN I were observed between control and infected cells at 14°C and 20°C. However, no differences were observed at 4°C, suggesting a reduced metabolic activity, impairing the virus’ ability to downregulate the antigen presentation pathway. These results highlight temperature-dependent modulation of antigen presentation and viral processing, emphasizing the critical role of temperature in immune responses agaisnt viruses. • MHC-I/β2m surface expression is reduced at lower temperatures during VHSV IVb infection. • The release of β2m indicates interference in MHC-I trafficking under suboptimal temperatures during VHSV IVb infection. • Proteasome activity is not impaired at suboptimal temperatures after infection with VHSV IVb • IFN-I secretion is suppressed at cold temperatures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".