Transition From a Paper Diary to an Electronic Diary by Parents of Preschool Children With Food Allergies: Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Food allergies (FAs) can be life-threatening and represent a significant public health concern. The reported prevalence of FA in Japan is 7.6% in 1-year-olds, 6.7% in 2-year-olds, and 4.9% in 3-year-olds. In addition, avoiding allergenic foods, prompt identification, and response are required when symptoms appear. A food diary is a tool for daily dietary management, recording of symptoms, and communication between families of children with FA and health care providers. Conventionally, paper diaries (P-diaries) have been used. Recent technological advancements and the extensive use of smartphones have prompted the development of numerous electronic diaries (E-diaries). However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of E-diaries in Japan. Objective: This study aimed to assess the experiences of parents of preschool children with FA as they transitioned from P-diaries to E-diaries. Methods: For 6 months commencing in October 2020, during the period of movement restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we recruited parents of preschool children diagnosed with FAs by an allergist at a single general hospital. This pilot study used a single-group pretest-posttest design to evaluate the feasibility of using an E-diary. To assess parents' views on transitioning to E-diaries from P-diaries, data were collected using semistructured interviews conducted after 6 months of E-diary use. Results: Five parents took part in the study. The problems with P-diaries and the effects and outcomes of E-diaries from the perspective of parents of preschool children with FA were categorized into 52 codes, which were grouped into 19 subcategories and 6 categories. Parents of preschool children with FA reported the following issues: I. difficulties with using a P-diary; II. stress related to sharing information with doctors; III. difficulties in making disease management habitual as issues with P-diary use; IV. ease of using the E-diary as an effect of the transition; V. more efficient sharing of information with doctors; and VI. improved adherence as outcomes of E-diary use. Conclusions: E-diaries may resolve various issues associated with P-diaries and may be useful tools for communication between parents and physicians regarding disease management. Since the number of participants was small (ie, 5) and the study was conducted at a single facility, theoretical saturation was not reached. In the future, it will be necessary to increase the number of participants to validate these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".