Efficacy of Lamotrigine in the Treatment of Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: Meta-Analysis of Acute and Maintenance Randomised Controlled Trials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Lamotrigine has been widely investigated in the treatment and prevention of the emergence of symptoms of depression in unipolar and bipolar depression. This work systematically appraises published and unpublished double-blind randomised controlled trials of lamotrigine to provide up-to-date guidance on the use of lamotrigine in the presence of depressive symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches identified 32 randomised controlled trials, of which 24 were included in the meta-analysis, involving 2257 patients and 2320 controls. Results: Evidence supports the use of lamotrigine in the acute phase of bipolar depression in monotherapy vs. placebo (SMD: 0.155; CI: 0.005–0.305) in the absence of significant heterogeneity and small study effects. In the prophylaxis of bipolar depression, lamotrigine reduced the risk of the emergence of depressive symptoms (RR: 0.78; CI: 0.63, 0.98) and prolonged the duration of symptoms survival (RR: 1.59; CI: 1.19, 2.11) compared to placebo, with no evidence of publication and small study bias. Lamotrigine was not found to be superior to lithium in the acute treatment and prophylaxis of bipolar depression. In the treatment of unipolar depressive episodes, with the inclusion in the analyses of three unpublished studies, lamotrigine was not superior to placebo in monotherapy and as adjunct treatment. There were no maintenance studies in unipolar depression. Conclusions: There is evidence supporting the use of lamotrigine in monotherapy as acute and prophylactic treatment of bipolar depression. Evidence of the use of lamotrigine in unipolar disorders is lacking. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42025633709.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".