Observations of wild bees foraging on wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) flowers – first records and future research directions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pollinator-independent crops are not necessarily crops in which pollinators do not visit their flowers.Conversely, while a crop may not benefit from pollinators visiting their flowers in terms of crop production, pollinators may still use the pollen as a food resource.While pollinators include several taxa, bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes) hold a significant role in the pollination of both wild and crop plants as they forage for pollen and nectar to meet their nutrient requirements (Kral- O'Brien et al. 2022).With documented declines for several bee species globally (Vanbergen and the Insect Pollinators Initiative 2013; Goulson et al. 2015), understanding the plant resources used by bees is important for directing conservation actions.Agriculture-dominated landscapes may hold heightened risks for bees due to threats including habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and interactions with non-native species (Vanbergen and the Insect Pollinators Initiative 2013).Thus, it is especially important to understand the resources used by bees in agricultural lands and the potential benefits (e.g., nutritional quality) or risks (e.g., pesticide exposure) of foraging on crop flowers for pollen.Globally, 60% of food production comes from crops that are pollinator-independent, with 28 of the leading food crops showing no benefit from animal pollination (Klein et al. 2007).This represents a significant amount of land where bees may have limited food resources available to them.Very little is known about the role of pollinator-independent crops as a pollen resource for bees (reviewed in Kral- O'Brien et al. 2022).Most research on this topic comes from pollen collected from European honey bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) (Saunders 2018; Kral-O'Brien et al. 2022); thus, more observational studies are needed to understand the breadth of bees that may use these food resources.The wine grape, Vitis vinifera L., 1753 (Vitaceae), is a pollinator-independent crop for which we lack information about use by bees.With ~7.4 mha of global area planted with commercial grapevines (OIV 2019), more research is needed to understand to what extent bees use grapevine pollen and whether this pollen usage differs by variety or species.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".