Experimental investigation of CTOD fracture toughness in FCAW-GS welds of offshore jacket structure
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Offshore jackets are essential structures in the energy sector, including wind farms and oil and gas activities. The experiment involves welding a 72 mm K-bevel S355 KT-40 plate with gas-shielded flux-cored arc welding (FCAW-GS) in a horizontal position. Evaluate welds using microhardness, tensile strength, Charpy impact toughness at −40 °C, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) at 0 °C, and microscopy, subsequently accompanied by statistical analysis and numerical modelling. The welds exhibit ductility, since the maximum microhardness is 246 Hv5, significantly lower than 325 Hv5. Charpy has improved impact toughness, with an average value of 108 J and a minimum single measurement of 73.9 J. The weld centerline and grain-coarsened heat-affected zones demonstrate fracture toughness, with minimal CTOD values of 0.28 and 0.36 mm, respectively. The microstructure of the GCHAZs has a grain size between 31.8 and 63.5 µm, hence improving corrosion resistance. Quadratic equation modelling fracture lengths demonstrates a significant correlation coefficient of 74.7%, producing a parabola with its vertex at x, y (35.435385, 40.2809) mm, which defines optimal crack length. The welds surpass AWS D1.1 criteria, enhancing performance and prolonging structural integrity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it