Automated Covalent Microcontact Bioprinting of Lubricant‐Infused Microarrays for Biological Assays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microcontact bioprinting (µCP), which utilizes elastomeric stamps to transfer biorecognition agents (bioinks) onto substrates, offers advantages such as customizability, cost-effectiveness, and versatility for bioassays. Despite its prevalent use in laboratory settings, µCP faces challenges in achieving the repeatability and reproducibility required for industrial applications. Here, a µCP method is introduced that accommodates the immobilization of various biorecognition agents, while preserving bioactivity for use in bioassays. A key innovation lies in combining µCP with fluorosilanization to enable lubricant-infused surfaces that prevent non-specific attachment, while concurrently enhancing biomolecule immobilization via covalent attachment through a modified bioink formulation. Furthermore, an automated µCP system is integrated, taking critical steps toward industrial scalability. Following optimization with fluorescent proteins, bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) are printed. The bioactivity preservation is confirmed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage microarrays. A bacterial metabolic activity bioassay is conducted, whereby bacteriophage lytic activity led to a visible color difference after 3 h. The introduced µCP is high-throughput, scalable, and highly customizable, demonstrating strong potential for industrial implementation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".