Monitoring of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation on platelet storage bag surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Platelet concentrates (PCs) are stored at 20-24˚C in a biologically favorable environment that may support bacterial growth. Staphylococcus epidermidis, a typical contaminant, can form biofilms in PCs, complicating detection and increasing the risk of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections. The material composition and surface texture of PC storage bags may influence biofilm formation. The impact of different PC storage bag materials on S. epidermidis biofilm formation was evaluated using the ISO 4768:2023(E) crystal violet (CV) assay. Four surface conditions were tested: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticized with n-butyryl-tri(n-hexyl)-citrate (BTHC) - both smooth and rough sides, PVC plasticized with tri-(2-ethylhexyl)-trimellitate (TEHTM) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). Coupons and bags made from each material were used in the experiments. Biofilm-positive S. epidermidis was cultured in tryptic soy broth (TSB), PCs and plasma and added on plastic coupons under static conditions or directly in the bags with agitation. Bacterial enumeration and CV assay were performed on days 2, 5, and 7. In TSB, EVA coupons significantly formed more biofilm than the smooth side of PVC-BTHC or TEHTM over seven days. In PCs, more biofilm formed on the rough side of PVC-BTHC coupons than the smooth side, with no other differences between plastics, suggesting similar biofilm amount across PC bag materials in the presence of platelets. No biofilm was detected on coupons in plasma. Under continuous agitation and reduced oxygen levels, only the rough side of PVC-BTHC showed significant biofilm formation in TSB in PC storage bags over seven days. These findings highlight the need for standardized biofilm testing and suggest that some plastics are more conducive to biofilm formation under static conditions. However, during blood bank storage (i.e., continuous agitation and reduced oxygen levels), biofilm formation is limited, regardless of the platelet bag material, thereby reducing the risk of undetected bacterial contamination.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".