The Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate) Production From the Mixed Culture With the Leachate Obtained From Wastewater Sludge Pretreated by the Electrochemical Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable plastics with great environmental and application value, yet high production costs, mainly from carbon sources, hinder their large-scale use. In sludge dewatering by electrochemical treatment followed by press filtration, leachate with rich organic matter is produced and considered a cheap carbon source. This study converted the leachate to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) under anaerobic fermentation at 35°C and pH 5.5. The PHA was produced from a PHA-producing mixed culture acclimated from wastewater sludge. The VFAs were fed to the mixed culture. The highest PHA content was 42% (g/g VSS). The PHA contains 55% of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and 45% of polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV). When the VFAs were generated from the leachate of the sludge treated with the electrochemical process, the PHA content dropped to 17%. With the treatment of the VFAs or leachate, the PHA content was increased. The highest PHA content was up to 35% (g/g VSS). In addition, co-fermentation of VFAs and acetic acid for PHA production has also shown improvement in PHA accumulation. The study provides an alternative method for PHA production and managing the leachate produced from the electrochemical process for sludge dewatering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".