Effect of slow-release hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial response in an in vitro ischemia–reperfusion model of rat thoracic aorta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury of vascular grafts used in coronary artery bypass surgery can compromise outcomes. This study examined whether GYY4137, a slow-release hydrogen sulfide donor, protects against IR-induced vascular damage in rat thoracic aorta. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (21–22 months old) were randomly assigned to Control, IR, IR + GYY4137 (100 µM), and IR + GYY4137 (300 µM) groups. To induce IR injury, aortic rings were incubated in nitrogen-gassed saline at 4 °C for 24 h, then exposed to sodium hypochlorite (200 µM) at 37 °C for 30 min. Vascular function was evaluated in organ baths; malondialdehyde, glutathione, and caspase-3 were quantified. IR injury markedly impaired contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation, which GYY4137 did not restore. In contrast, IR increased malondialdehyde ( p = 0.02), which fell to near-control with both 100 µM ( p = 0.008) and 300 µM GYY4137 ( p = 0.012). IR lowered glutathione ( p = 0.012) was restored by 300 µM GYY4137 ( p = 0.004). Likewise, caspase-3 rose ( p = 0.02) but returned to near-control with both 100 µM ( p = 0.004) and 300 µM GYY4137 ( p = 0.02). In conclusion, GYY4137 reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis markers without improving vascular dysfunction in an IR model of rat thoracic aorta. This disparity underscores the complex pathophysiology of vascular IR injury, where cellular-level protection does not readily translate to functional recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".