Signal selection and model-independent extraction of the neutrino neutral-current single <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> cross section with the T2K experiment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a study of single <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:msup> <a:mi>π</a:mi> <a:mo>+</a:mo> </a:msup> </a:math> production in neutrino neutral-current interactions ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mrow> <c:mi>NC</c:mi> <c:mn>1</c:mn> <c:msup> <c:mrow> <c:mi>π</c:mi> </c:mrow> <c:mrow> <c:mo>+</c:mo> </c:mrow> </c:msup> </c:mrow> </c:math> ) using the FGD1 hydrocarbon target of the ND280 detector of the T2K experiment. We report the largest sample of such events selected by any experiment, providing the first new data for this channel in over four decades and the first using a sub-GeV neutrino flux. The signal selection strategy and its performance are detailed together with validations of a robust cross section extraction methodology. The measured flux-averaged integrated cross-section is <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mrow> <e:mi>σ</e:mi> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mo stretchy="false">(</e:mo> <e:mn>6.07</e:mn> <e:mo>±</e:mo> <e:mn>1.22</e:mn> <e:mo stretchy="false">)</e:mo> <e:mo>×</e:mo> <e:msup> <e:mrow> <e:mn>10</e:mn> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>41</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:mtext> </e:mtext> <e:msup> <e:mrow> <e:mi>cm</e:mi> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mn>2</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msup> <e:mo>/</e:mo> <e:mi>nucleon</e:mi> </e:mrow> </e:math> , <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <i:mrow> <i:mn>1.3</i:mn> <i:mi>σ</i:mi> </i:mrow> </i:math> above the NEUT v5.4.0 expectation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".