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Signal selection and model-independent extraction of the neutrino neutral-current single <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> cross section with the T2K experiment
K. Abe, Shinya Abe, R. Akutsu, H. Alarakia-Charles, Y. I. Alj Hakim, S. Alonso Monsalve, L. Anthony, S. Aoki, K. A. Apte, Tamio Arai, T. Arihara, S. Arimoto, Yosuke Ashida, E. T. Atkin, N. Kishore Babu, В. А. Баранов, Gareth J. Barker, G. Barr, Daniel L. Barrow, Paul Bates, L. Bathe-Peters, M. Batkiewicz, N. Baudis, V. Berardi, L. Berns, S. Bhattacharjee, Adrien Blanchet, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, S. Bordoni, S. B. Boyd, C. Bronner, A. Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. A. Caballero, F. Cadoux, N. F. Calabria, S. Cao, S. Cap, D. Carabadjac, S. L. Cartwright, M. P. Casado, M G Catanesi, J. Chakrani, Anne Chalumeau, A. Chvirova, G Collazuol, F Cormier, A. A. L. Craplet, A. Cudd, D. D’Ago, C. Dalmazzone, T. Daret, Prokar Dasgupta, C. Davis, Yu. I. Davydov, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, C. Densham, A. Dergacheva, Rajat Banerjee, F. Di Lodovico, G. Lopez, S. Dolan, D. Douqa, T. A. Doyle, O. Drapier, K. E. Duffy, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, K. Dygnarowicz, A. Eguchi, J. E. Elias, S. Emery-Schrenk, G. Erofeev, A. Ershova, G. Eurin, D. Fedorova, S. Fedotov, M. Feltre, L. Feng, D. Ferlewicz, A. J. Finch, M. D. Fitton, C. Forza, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, Y. Fukuda, Y. Furui, J. García-Marcos, A. C. Germer, L. Giannessi, C. Giganti, V. Glagolev, M. Gonin, R. González-Jiménez, J. González Rosa, E. A. G. Goodman, K. Gorshanov, P. Govindaraj, Marco Grassi, M. Guigue, Flynn Guo, D. R. Hadley, S. Han, D. A. Harris, Robert J. Harris, T. Hasegawa, Ciaran Hasnip, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, Y. Hayato, I. Heitkamp, D. Henaff, Y. Hino, J. Holeczek, A. Holin, T. Holvey, N. T. Hong Van, Takashi Honjo, M. C. F. Hooft, K. Hosokawa, J. F. Hu, A. K. Ichikawa, K. Ieki, Masayuki Ikeda, Toru Ishida, M. Ishitsuka, A. Izmaylov, N. Jachowicz, S. J. Jenkins, C. Jesús-Valls, M. Jia, Jing Jiang, Julie Y. Ji, Thomas Peter Jones, P. Jonsson, S.C. Joshi, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, S. Karpova, V. S. Kasturi, Y. Kataoka, T. Katori, Yuta Kawamura, M. Kawaue, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, S. King, V. Kiseeva, John B. Kisiel, A. Klustová, L. Kneale, Hiroaki Kobayashi, L. Koch, S. Kodama, M. Kolupanova, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, K. Kowalik, Y. Kudenko, Yuta Kudo, A. Kumar Jha, R. Kurjata, V. Kurochka, T. Kutter, L. Labarga, Mário Lachat, K. Lachner, J. Lagoda, S.M Lakshmi, M. Lamers James, A. Langella, David Langridge, J. F. Laporte, D. Last, N Latham, M. Laveder, M. Lawe, D. Leon Silverio, S. Levorato, S. Lewis, Baowen Li, C. Lin, R. P. Litchfield, S. L. Liu, W. Li, A. Longhin, A. Lopez Moreno, L. Ludovici, X. L. Lu, T. Lux, L. N. Machado, L. Magaletti, Kendall Mahn, K. K. Mahtani, M. Mandal, S. Manly, A. D. Marino, D. Martin, D. A. Martínez Caicedo, Lluisa Maria Mir Martinez, M. Martini, T. Matsubara, R. Matsumoto, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. Mavrokoridis, N. McCauley, K. S. McFarland, Joseph W. McKean, A. Mefodiev, G. D. Megias, L. Mellet, M. Mezzetto, S. Miki, V. Mikola, E. W. Miller, A. Minamino, Oleg Mineev, S. Mine, J. Mirabito, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, P. Morrison, Th. A. Mueller, D. Munford, Alfonso Muñoz, L. Munteanu, Y. Nagai, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakagiri, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, K. D. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Nakayoshi, C. E. R. Naseby, Doan Trang Nguyen, V.Q Nguyen, K. Niewczas, S. Nishimori, Y. Nishimura, Y. Noguchi, T. Nosek, F. Nova, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O’Keeffe, L. O’Sullivan, R. Okazaki, W. Okinaga, K. Okumura, T. Okusawa, Nobuhiko Onda, N. Ospina, L. Osu, Y. Oyama, V. Paolone, J. Pasternak, Michael Pfaff, L. Pickering, B. Popov, A. J. Portocarrero Yrey, M. Posiadała-Zezula, Y. S. Prabhu, Hari Prasad, F. Pupilli, B. Quilain, P. T. Quyen, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, M. A. Ramirez, Richard Ramsden, P. N. Ratoff, M. Reh, G. Anthony Reina, C. Riccio, D. Riley, E. Rondio, S. Roth, Noë Roy, A. Rubbia, L. Russo, A. Rychter, W. Saenz, K. Sakashita, F. Sánchez, W. Sands, Yosuke Sato, T. Schefke, C. M. Schloesser, K. Scholberg, M. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, T. Sekiya, D. Seppala, D. Sgalaberna, A. Shaikhiev, M. Shiozawa, Yoshimitsu Shiraishi, A. Shvartsman, N. Skrobova, K. Skwarczynski, D. Smyczek, M. Smy, J. T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, A. J. Speers, R. Spina, Ajit M. Srivastava, Y. Stroke, I. Suslov, A. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, M. Tada, S. Tairafune, A. Takeda, Y Takeuchi, H. K. Tanaka, H. Tanigawa, V. V. Tereshchenko, N. Thamm, N. V. Tran, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, M. R. Vagins, M Varghese, Igor Vasilyev, G. Vasseur, E. Villa, U. Virginet, T. Vladisavljevic, T. Wachala, Daisuke Wakabayashi, H. T. Wallace, J. Walsh, L. Wan, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, A. Weber, R. Wendell, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, R. J. Wilson, R. Kevin Wood, C. Wret, J. Xia, K. Yamamoto, Takao A. Yamamoto, Ying Yang, T. Yano, N. Yershov, U. Yevarouskaya, Y. Yoshimoto, Noriko Yoshimura, R. Zaki, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, G Zarnecki, Jiawen Zhang, Xingyu Zhao, Hairong Zheng, H. Zhong, T. Zhu, M. Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicNeutrino Physics Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British ColumbiaYork UniversityTRIUMFInstitute of Particle Physics
FundersHORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie ActionsEuropean Social FundDepartament d'Empresa i Coneixement, Generalitat de CatalunyaEuropean Regional Development FundJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceNational Research Council CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeNational Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationNemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalUniversity of TokyoInstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónNarodowe Centrum NaukiRussian Science FoundationSorbonne UniversitéFederación Española de Enfermedades RarasMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyU.S. Department of Energy“la Caixa” FoundationNational Foundation for Science and Technology DevelopmentRoyal SocietyNextGenerationEUCanada Foundation for InnovationUK Research and InnovationEuropean Research CouncilMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungUniversidad de SevillaAgence Nationale de la Recherche
KeywordsNeutrinoCross section (physics)DetectorNeutrino oscillationSelection (genetic algorithm)Neutrino detectorSIGNAL (programming language)
Abstract
This article presents a study of single π + production in neutrino neutral-current interactions ( NC 1 π + ) using the FGD1 hydrocarbon target of the ND280 detector of the T2K experiment. We report the largest sample of such events selected by any experiment, providing the first new data for this channel in over four decades and the first using a sub-GeV neutrino flux. The signal selection strategy and its performance are detailed together with validations of a robust cross section extraction methodology. The measured flux-averaged integrated cross-section is σ = ( 6.07 ± 1.22 ) × 10 − 41 cm 2 / nucleon , 1.3 σ above the NEUT v5.4.0 expectation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.016
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.352
Teacher spread0.331 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes