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Record W4415490269 · doi:10.3390/fire8110411

Advances and Environmental Impact Assessment of Forest Fire Extinguishing Agents

2025· article· en· W4415490269 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueFire · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicFire effects on ecosystems
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaNatural Resources CanadaChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation
KeywordsContext (archaeology)Environmental impact assessmentSustainable developmentEnvironmentally friendlyFire protectionImpact assessmentSustainability

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In the context of climate change, increasingly severe forest fires present a significant threat to lives, property, ecosystem functionality, and the sustainable development of forest resources. As a result, there is an urgent need for rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies for fire suppression and containment. This paper begins by reviewing the current research on forest fire extinguishing agents and materials that hold promise for effective fire suppression. Among these agents, gaseous and foam extinguishing materials exhibit drawbacks such as low efficiency or significant environmental hazards. In contrast, natural polymer hydrogels, which are high in water content, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable, show significant potential for developing clean and efficient extinguishing materials. Furthermore, this paper discusses existing environmental assessment standards for fire extinguishing agents, as well as the assessment systems proposed in various studies. It finds that, while universal assessment standards are fairly well-established, current research primarily focuses on enhancing fire suppression performance. However, the environmental performance assessment of forest fire extinguishing agents—often used in large quantities—remains inadequate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a comprehensive and systematic environmental assessment system to address this theoretical and practical gap.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.068
Threshold uncertainty score0.585

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread0.262 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it