Avasopasem manganese treatment for severe oral mucositis from chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer: phase 3 randomized controlled trial (ROMAN)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Of patients who receive standard concomitant chemoradiation (CRT; intensity-modulated radiation therapy [IMRT] plus cisplatin) for locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC), approximately two-thirds will develop severe oral mucositis (SOM), limiting their ability to eat solids (WHO grade 3) or drink liquids (WHO grade 4). In a randomized, double-blind phase 2b trial, avasopasem manganese substantially reduced duration and incidence of SOM versus placebo. This phase 3 trial further assessed avasopasem's reduction of SOM due to CRT. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03689712), patients receiving 60–72 Gy IMRT (>50 Gy to ≥2 oral mucosal sites) plus cisplatin (Q3W or QW) were randomized 3:2 to avasopasem 90 mg or placebo before each RT fraction. SOM was assessed twice weekly during IMRT, then weekly for 2 weeks. First subject was enrolled 03 October 2018 and last subject completed OM follow-up 13 September 2021. Last subject completed long-term follow-up 30 August 2021. Primary endpoint was SOM incidence through end of IMRT. Secondary endpoints included SOM duration, time to onset, grade 4 incidence and duration, tumor outcomes, and renal function. Findings 455 patients were randomized; 407 (241 avasopasem/166 placebo) were included in the primary analysis population. Statistically significant reductions in SOM incidence (54% vs 64%; relative risk=0·84, p = 0·045, 95% CI 0·71, 1·00) and SOM duration ( p = 0·002; median, 8 vs 18 days) were observed. SOM onset was nominally delayed ( p = 0·002; median, 49 vs 38 days). Grade 4 OM incidence and days were not significantly reduced by avasopasem, 27% ( p = 0·052) and 24% ( p = 0·143), respectively. Adverse event frequencies were comparable between treatments. After 1 year, tumor outcomes were maintained and two-year overall survival showed: avasopasem 89% (95% CI: 84–93) versus placebo 93% (95% CI: 88–96). Interpretation The primary endpoint of incidence was not as improved as predicted by the Phase 2b trial and avasopasem's contribution to adverse events could not be excluded. For these reasons and others discussed, ROMAN did not provide a sufficiently favorable benefit-risk determination for FDA approval. A confirmatory phase 3 trial was requested. Funding Provided by Galera Therapeutics, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".