Cognitive dispersion is associated with white matter hyperintensities in amyloid positive older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: White matter hyperintensities (WMH), imaging markers of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, are associated with risk of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV) has emerged as a sensitive measure of future decline. We examined associations between IIV-dispersion, beta-amyloid (Aß) positivity, and WMH in older adults. Method: We included 819 participants (mean age = 72.01) without dementia from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. IIV-dispersion was calculated as the intraindividual standard deviation across 6 neuropsychological scores. WMH volume was quantified on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Regression models examined interactions between IIV-dispersion and Aß status on WMH, adjusting for age, sex, and education. Results: Amyloid status moderated associations between IIV-dispersion and WMH, such that higher IIV-dispersion was associated with greater WMH in Aß+ individuals whether WMH was examined as a continuous (B = 0.30, ß = 0.13, p = .006) or a dichotomous variable based on quartiles (odds ratio [OR] = 2.41, p < .001). Sensitivity analyses to adjust for the effects of individual mean cognition in the models modified findings such that greater IIV-dispersion was again associated with greater WMH in Aß+ individuals when WMH was examined dichotomously (OR = 2.13, p = .018) but the effect was attenuated for continuous WMH. Conclusions: Greater IIV-dispersion was associated with greater WMH among Aß+ individuals. IIV-dispersion may be an early marker of cerebrovascular changes in AD although future research is needed to further establish its incremental utility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".