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Record W4415557608 · doi:10.1002/rrq.70041

“Book Boundaries” in West Michigan School Board Election Campaigns: Examining White Christian Nationalist Visions of Dominion Over Literacy Education

2025· article· en· W4415557608 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Katie Ward, Mary M. Juzwik, Joel E. Berends, Kasun Gajasinghe, Olivia Twa

Bibliographic record

VenueReading Research Quarterly · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicReligious Education and Schools
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityMichigan State University
KeywordsRhetoricCensorshipDominionLiteracyWhite (mutation)VisionPoliticsNationalism

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Across the United States, White Christian Nationalism (WCN) has emerged in public discourse, policy, and practice around literacy education. Examining varied localized enactments of censorship further nuances accounts of how WCN asserts its vision for public literacy education. In particular, school board campaigns have become spaces of debate on the goals and contents of literacy education, as WCN candidates advocate for censorship of topics, materials, and pedagogies that they perceive as conflicting with their perspectives and label as harmful to students. Ottawa County, in West Michigan (US), is a significant site for studying WCN school board campaign rhetoric due to its settlement history involving intertwined ethnoreligious (Dutch Reformed Christian) and economic forces. In this paper, we examine data from school board candidates ( n = 11) endorsed by Ottawa Impact (OI), a political action group in Ottawa County, MI that we interpret as enacting a Reformed Reconstructionist stream of WCN. We contextualize OI rhetoric regarding “book boundaries” (terminology from the data set) in the historical and theological foundations of the Dutch Reformed Christian culture of Ottawa County. Through this contextualization, we examine how OI candidates' perspectives on literacy censorship reflect their vision of God's dominion over Ottawa County and the US nation‐state, leading to governance policies that forward parents' sovereignty over children's education defended by rhetoric of protecting “childhood innocence.” This examination of candidates' perspectives reveals the varied implications of WCN's influence in literacy education—impacting not only what children read, but also, in the case of Ottawa County, who decides.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.278
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.426
Teacher spread0.403 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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