Genome‐Wide Identification of Terpene Synthase ( <scp>TPS</scp> ) Gene Family in <i>Atalantia buxifolia</i> and the Role of <scp>AbTPS08</scp> in Asian Citrus Psyllid Defense
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Huanglongbing/citrus greening, vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is one of the greatest threats to citrus production worldwide. While certain citrus species and citrus relatives are particularly susceptible to ACP, others are repellent or resistant including the Chinese box orange (Atalantia buxifolia) which is a citrus relative. These resistant species are suspected to contain a diverse suite of terpenoids, plant secondary metabolites that are critical to defense and biosynthesized by terpene synthase (TPS) enzymes. Here, we performed a genome-wide survey of terpene synthase (TPS) genes in A. buxifolia and identified 34 AbTPS genes representing five TPS subfamilies. Analyses of the phylogenetic relationships, intron and exon distributions, and conserved motifs among these and homologous genes suggest that the TPSs are highly conserved across plant species. The distinctive expression patterns of the AbTPS genes among plant tissues highlight their tissue-specific roles in the regulation of terpene biosynthesis. Importantly, AbTPS08 was significantly upregulated by both ACP infestation and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Biochemical assays of the recombinant AbTPS08 protein confirmed that AbTPS08 could convert farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to α-farnesene in vitro. Furthermore, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient overexpression in citrus callus revealed that AbTPS08 exhibits α-farnesene synthase activity in vivo. AbTPS08 was localized in the cytoplasm, the primary compartment for sesquiterpene synthesis. Overexpression of AbTPS08 in lemon (Citrus limon) was repellent to ACPs in dual-choice feeding assays, increased jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation, and induced the transcription of JA biosynthesis-related genes. This study provides novel insights into sesquiterpene biosynthesis in A. buxifolia and demonstrates that α-farnesene can improve ACP defense directly and indirectly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".