Identification of the tetraspanin gene family in sugarcane and its response to sugarcane mosaic virus infection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV, Potyvirus ) causes mosaic diseases and seriously threatens sugarcane production. Potyviral 6K2 protein plays a key role in viral infections. We previously screened a tetraspanin (TET)-like protein that interacts with SCMV-6K2 from a sugarcane cDNA yeast library. Although TETs have been extensively studied in response to viral infections in animals, the TET gene family in sugarcane and its role in SCMV infections remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the TET genes in sugarcane and determine their response to SCMV infection. Methods We employed genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), subcellular localization, and multiple protein–protein interaction assays to characterize TETs and their interactions with viral 6K2 proteins. Results We identified 35, 113, 73, and 17 TETs in the genomes of Saccharum sp ontaneum , sugarcane cultivar R570, sugarcane cultivar Xintaitang 22 (XTT22), and Nicotiana benthamiana , respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis classified the TETs into nine distinct groups. Nine TET genes were cloned from XTT22 and designated ScTET2 , ScTET8 , ScTET13 , ScTET23 , ScTET34 , ScTET55 , ScTET67 , ScTET78 , and ScTET96 . RT-qPCR demonstrated the differential expression of these genes following SCMV infection. Furthermore, subcellular localization assays revealed that they were mainly localized to the plasma membrane (PM), except for ScTET2 and ScTET8, which were localized in the cytoplasm and formed irregular spherical structures of different sizes. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescent complementation, and luciferase complementation assays revealed extensive interactions between the ScTETs and SCMV-6K2, primarily in the PM. Y2H assays also showed that TETs of Arabidopsis and N. benthamiana extensively interacted with the 6K2 protein of turnip mosaic virus. Discussion This study reveals a potential mechanism by which potyviruses employ 6K2 to interact with TETs to establish infection in host plants, thus highlighting potential molecular targets for engineering sugarcane resistance against SCMV.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it