A dihydroxanthene-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of Hg2+ and its applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mercury ions (Hg 2+ ) are highly hazardous environmental pollutants that pose significant risks to human health and can cause severe illnesses, making their careful detection essential. Herein, we report a novel dihydroxanthene-based fluorescent probe (E)-4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-7-styryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-xanthene ( SDHX-DT ) for Hg 2+ detection. Upon interaction with Hg 2+ , SDHX-DT undergoes desulfurization, leading to a ratiometric fluorescence shift and a distinct visible color transformation from blue to green. The recognition mechanism for Hg 2+ has been fully confirmed through UV–vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, 1 H NMR, and HRMS analysis. SDHX-DT demonstrates outstanding sensing performance, featuring exceptional selectivity for Hg 2+ , strong anti-interference capability, a fast response time (< 3 min), a large Stokes shift (162 nm), and ultra-sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.62 nM. Moreover, the probe's excellent properties enable diverse practical applications, such as the convenient and portable detection of Hg 2+ using test strips, reliable monitoring in real environmental water samples, and high-contrast fluorescence imaging in living cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".