Case Report: A patient with a novel heterozygous IRF8 variant with repeated infection and immune-mediated organ disease, but without disseminated mycobacterial disease despite BCG immunization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe a patient with a novel, de novo heterozygous IRF8 variant (c.1182dup) who presented with viral and bacterial susceptibility, lymphoproliferation, and liver and lung diseases characteristically seen in patients with underlying inborn errors of immunity, but without disseminated mycobacterial disease, despite vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the live attenuated vaccine form of Mycobacterium bovis . Laboratory evaluation revealed an absence of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) with poor IL-12p70 and IFN-γ secretion upon LPS stimulation, and poor IFN-γ secretion upon PHA stimulation. In contrast, another patient with a different novel, de novo heterozygous IRF8 variant (c.10C>T) had milder early life infection susceptibility, but no lymphoproliferation, nor immune-mediated organ disease, and no prior exposure to BCG vaccine. They had a normal number of circulating pDC, and IL-12p70 production upon LPS stimulation that was no different compared to the mother who did not possess the IRF8 variant, and with normal IFN-γ secretion upon PHA stimulation. Our findings support impaired IRF8 function in the first patient, but less for the second patient. We propose that altered DC subsets and deficient cytokine production can assist with IRF8 VUS (variant of unknown significance) interrogation. This report expands current knowledge of mono-allelic human IRF8 variants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".