Patient Perception of Pain With Medialization Thyroplasty Surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Medialization thyroplasty (MT) is a procedure used to treat glottal insufficiency. It is conducted with the patient under procedural sedation for vocal feedback. The objective of this study is to evaluate the patient's perception of pain after MT surgery. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Patients undergoing MT completed the validated short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) before surgery and post-operative days (PODs) 1 and 7, and Voice Handicap Index-10 questionnaire (VHI-10) before surgery and POD7. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Nonparametric tests were conducted for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients (47% male), with a median age of 67 years (IQR 15) were recruited between March 2023 and February 2025. On POD1, 74% required analgesia and 52% required opioids. Pre-operative SF-MPQ was median 0 (IQR 0), which increased significantly on POD1 to 3.0 (IQR 7.5) (p < 0.0001) and decreased significantly on POD7 to median 1.0 (IQR 3.0) (p < 0.0001). Voices significantly improved, from pre-operative VHI-10 score of 26 (IQR 14) to POD7 score of 12 (IQR 13) (p < 0.0001). None of the following factors were associated with increased pain: age, sex, BMI, anxiety diagnosis, per-operative, regular intake of pain medication, surgical time or pre-operative VHI score. CONCLUSIONS: Although MT was completed under procedural sedation, pain was well tolerated after surgery. Half of the patients used opioids for post-operative pain, and the levels of pain were mild. There are opportunities for improved opioid stewardship in the pain management of this surgery. This study is one of the few prospective studies evaluating pain with MT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".