Altered Prefrontal Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Vascular Dementia During Olfactory Stimulation: An fNIRS Study
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) responses to olfactory stimulation in thirteen healthy control participants and seven patients with vascular dementia (VD). Participants underwent five rest and odor exposure cycles, and dFC was estimated using a sliding window correlation approach. The healthy control group exhibited limited changes, while the VD group exhibited more extensive fluctuations in both oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin dFC across multiple regions during several stimulation periods. Between-group analyses revealed differences, particularly during olfactory stimulation, with moderate to large effect sizes. These preliminary findings suggest that olfactory-evoked dFC may reflect altered brain network dynamics in VD and could potentially serve as a non-invasive, accessible tool to help understand vascular dementia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it