Pathogen inactivation of red cell concentrates and whole blood: <scp>II</scp> . In vivo human recovery studies, clinical trials and future directions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three technologies are currently under active development for pathogen inactivation of red cell concentrates or whole blood (WB): the Intercept technology using S-303 as an inactivating chemical; the Theraflex technology using UV-C illumination; and the Mirasol technology using riboflavin and UV light. For the UV-C technology, no in vivo data are available. For the other two technologies, recovery, survival and life span of the treated red blood cells (RBCs) are shortened but are within objective requirements, including a 24-h recovery >75%. S-303-treated RBCs were transfused in various patient groups and, so far, showed no relevant differences in the clinical endpoints. In early studies, S-303-reactive antibodies were observed, which prompted changes in the inactivation process, and no further antibody formation was seen. The one published study with the riboflavin/UV procedure showed good effectiveness of treated WB, with haemoglobin increment similar to that of untreated WB. When considering potential implementation of pathogen inactivation strategies, a balance should be struck between microbiological safety, component quality and cost. None of the current technologies is in a stage for large-scale blood bank application, either because of limited availability of evidence of satisfactory in vitro quality data or because of the ongoing requirement of clinical trials in a broad spectrum of patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".