Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article presents the historical development of one of the most important forms of interaction between state power and private enterprise in countries of the federal type – public-private partnership (hereinafter referred to as PPP). The following world powers came forward as research objects: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the French Republic, Canada, and the United States of America. However, first of all, the authors of the article presented and disclosed the main terms and their characteristics, such as genesis, partnership ofthe state and business, and also analysed their own programmes aimed at the development of interaction of the state and private business (for example, Private Finance Initiative, Private Finance 2) as well as development centres (such as the global centre Partnerships United Kingdom, the federal coordination centre Mission D’appui aux Partenariats Public-privé (Fr. Mission of Support of PPP) and others. Accordingly, after conducting a historical analysis, it was established that, firstly, the role of the state in the implementation of PPP projects is decisive, as in most cases it is their initiator and main organiser, and, secondly, the basis of the construction and further development of this form of interaction is the formation of its institutional environment based on legal norms, specialised public authorities, the country’s political course.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".