The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract incorporated in edible chitosan and gelatin coatings against <i>Salmonella enterica</i> on Medjool dates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) against five strains of Salmonella enterica at 37°C. The in vivo antimicrobial activities of 2.5% chitosan or 9% gelatin coatings containing 0.0–10.0% PPE against S. enterica, total mesophilic bacterial count, and yeasts and molds on Medjool dates at 4°C and 24°C for 56 days were also investigated. Salmonella-inoculated Majdool dates dipped in distilled water were deemed as the control. The pH, water activity (aw), and color changes of Medjool date homogenates were also evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of PPE ranged from 7.81 to 15.63 mg/mL and 15.63 to 31.25 mg/mL, respectively, against S. enterica at 37°C. S. entericaFurther, the initial numbers of S. enterica (3.9–5.5 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g) in dates coated with either gelatin or chitosan containing 2.5–10.0% PPE at 24 were reduced to non-detectable levels by enrichment (<1 CFU/15 g) after 56 days of storage. At 4, S. enterica was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) by 1.3 log CFU/g to >4.5 log CFU/g by day 56 on PPE-coated dates, compared to uncoated samples. Yeast and molds on the treated dates were reduced below detectable levels (2 log CFU/g) on day 42 at both 4°C and 24°C. Coating type or PPE did not affect the appearance of dates, but only slightly affected the overall acceptability of the product. The current study demonstrates that using PPE incorporated into chitosan or gelatin could be used as an effective natural strategy to enhance the safety of dates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".