The association of late-life depressive symptoms with brain amyloid-β deposition: the ARIC-PET study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Late-life depression is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia related to Alzheimer’s disease, yet the mechanism underlying this relationship remains poorly understood. This study investigated the association of late-life depressive symptoms (LLDS) with brain amyloid deposition by PET. 334 dementia-free individuals from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study had Florbetapir-PET scans in late-life (ages 67–89). Elevated global and regional brain amyloid deposition was defined as a Florbetapir standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) > 1.2. LLDS was assessed using the 11-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and defined as late-life CES-D ≥ 9. Several secondary depression measures (e.g., antidepressant use) were also explored. Stratified analyses across race, sex, and cognitive status groups were conducted. Participants (median age 76 years; 57.2 % female; 42.5 % Black; 26.9 % mild cognitive impairment) showed no association of LLDS with global amyloid deposition. Although antidepressant use was not associated with global amyloid overall, antidepressant use was associated with elevated global amyloid in individuals with normal cognition but not mild cognitive impairment. There was no effect modification by race and sex. Overall, our findings suggest that LLDS are generally not associated with global amyloid deposition, but further investigation of this relationship in larger sample sizes is warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".