Longitudinal associations of serum fatty acids derived from dairy consumption with early prediabetes phenotypes: The PROspective Metabolism and ISlet cell Evaluation (PROMISE) cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dairy derived saturated and trans fatty acids may contribute to inverse associations of dairy intake with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Longitudinal studies examining this association are limited. This study investigated longitudinal associations of 15:0, trans-16:1n9, trans-18:1n11, and c9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in four serum fractions with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose concentrations. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Prospective Metabolism Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) cohort (n = 418) from 4 separate evaluations over 9 years. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using Matsuda's insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2_S). Beta cell function was determined using the insulinogenic index divided by HOMA insulin resistance (IGI/IR) and the Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2). Baseline serum fatty acids (mol%) were analyzed using gas chromatography flame-ionization detection. Longitudinal associations were analyzed using covariate-adjusted generalized estimating equations with false discovery adjusted P values. RESULTS: In the phospholipid (PL) pool, 15:0 was positively associated with logISSI2 (β = 6.54, CI: [2.84, 10.37], p < 0.01) and logIGI/IR (β = 14.75, CI: [6.92, 23.15], p < 0.01), and significantly inversely associated with logGlucose120 (β = -3.45, CI: [-5.63, -1.22], p < 0.05) and logGlucose Area Under the Curve (AUC) (β = -2.84, CI: [-4.38, -1.40], p < 0.01). Trans-16:1n9was significantly associated with logISI (β = 8.08, CI: [2.06, 14.45], p < 0.05) and inversely associated with logGlucose120 (β = -3.11, CI: [-5.50, -0.66], p < 0.05) and logGlucoseAUC (β = -2.16, CI: [-3.75, -0.55], p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings extend the literature on the potential role of dairy derived saturated and trans conjugate fatty acids in cardiometabolic phenotypes underlying T2DM, specifically in the PL fraction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".