Cognitive impairment and pain in depression: The mediating role of the kynurenine pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and pain severity in major depressive disorder (MDD); however, few studies have explored the intricacies of their interaction. AIM: To investigate the relationship between the TRP-KYN pathway and cognitive function in MDD patients with and without painful physical symptoms (PPS). METHODS: Seventy patients with MDD were recruited, including 33 and 37 with and without PSS, respectively. The Hamilton Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Short-form of McGill pain questionnaire (SFMPQ) were used to assess clinical symptoms. Cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) score. TRP-KYN pathway metabolites' serum levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The with PPS group exhibited significantly higher TRP-KYN ratios than did the without PPS group; in the former, the SFMPQ scores positively and negatively correlated with the TRP-KYN ratio and total MCCB score, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that body mass index and SFMPQ scores were significantly associated with the TRP-KYN ratio, predicting 30% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The TRP-KYN ratio is a potential biomarker for identifying patients with depression accompanied by pain symptoms, and targeting it may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for managing pain in these individuals. Further elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in MDD patients with PPS is warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".