The Potential of Trigona Honey as a Supplementary Therapy for Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common, yet often underrecognised, consequence of acute ischaemic stroke. Despite its prevalence, therapeutic strategies targeting VCI remain limited. Trigona honey, known for its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, may offer a novel adjunctive intervention to improve cognitive outcomes after stroke. Methods: This randomised controlled study involved 48 patients diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke. Participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups: an intervention group receiving daily supplementation with Trigona honey (n = 24) and a control group without supplementation (n = 24). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), and global disability was measured using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). Assessments were conducted at baseline and after three months of intervention. Results: At baseline, 66.7% of participants were male, with most exhibiting mild cognitive impairment. After three months, the intervention group showed significant improvement in MOCA scores (from 20.08 ± 4.53 to 24.33 ± 3.64), while the control group showed only a modest increase (from 18.42 ± 5.12 to 19.67 ± 6.31). The between-group difference in MOCA scores was 4.25 (95% CI: 3.07, 5.43; P < 0.001). Functional status also improved significantly in the Trigona honey group, with a mean change in MRS score of –1.29 (95% CI: –1.71, –0.87; P < 0.001), indicating enhanced independence compared to the control group. Conclusion: Trigona honey supplementation significantly improved cognitive performance and functional outcomes in patients with VCI following ischaemic stroke, supporting its role as a promising adjunct in stroke rehabilitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".