Rising Trends in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research (1998-2023)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes is a growing global concern, driven by rising childhood obesity and lifestyle factors. The study aimed to analyze global publication trends, key contributors, and collaborative networks in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes research. A bibliometric analysis of 1,555 Scopus-indexed publications was conducted. Study types, citation metrics, and collaboration networks were evaluated. There was 20.02% annual growth (5 papers in 1998 to 99 in 2023). The USA (42%) led globally, followed by the UK, Canada, and Germany; Finland had the highest citation impact. Original research (70.6%) dominated, mainly on clinical and epidemiological themes. P. Zeitler was the most prolific author, while G. Imperatore's works were the most cited. Strong collaborations existed between the USA and the UK, with the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus as the leading institution. Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes research shows rapid expansion but limited contributions from India and South Asia, highlighting a need for region-specific studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.080 | 0.164 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".