Media, gender, and physical education: analyzing ‘Jornal das Moças’ and its impact on Brazilian society (1930s–1960s)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores how Jornal das Moças (JDM) represented Physical Education in Brazilian schools between the 1930s and 1960s, spanning its period from mandatory introduction to formal regulation. During this time, Brazil was undergoing nationalization and modernization, and Physical Education was used to shape citizens who were healthy, disciplined, and morally aligned with the State’s project. White urban-elite women and motherhood were considered central agents in this process, framed as a social and political responsibility to influence the physical and ethical development of future generations. Within the modernization project, the women’s press functioned as a strategic instrument in constructing a new national identity, intended to secure international recognition as a ‘civilized’ nation. Although maternalist narratives were highly influential, ultimate authority over educational and health practices rested with physicians, whose guidelines women were expected to follow in implementing hygiene, health, and Physical Education practices within domestic and school settings. Thus, JDM not only legitimized Physical Education in schools but also guided women in instilling physical and moral discipline in their children during this transformative era.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".