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Record W4415767775 · doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685415

The <i>W</i> -index: a novel tool to evaluate gender equity in STEM research

2025· preprint· W4415767775 on OpenAlexaff
E. Penelope Holland, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Charman-Anderson Suw, Lindsey Gillson, Thorunn Helgason, Angela Lipscombe, Alex James

Bibliographic record

VenuebioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2025
Typepreprint
Language
FieldMedicine
TopicSex and Gender in Healthcare
Canadian institutionsYork University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGender equityRepresentation (politics)Equity (law)Metric (unit)CitationGender disparityGender equalityGender diversity

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Gender inequities in scientific research persist, from citation indices to collaboration networks and funding success. Current estimates for achieving equal representation remain in timescales of decades to centuries. To help individuals and groups improve their gender representation in a shorter timeframe, we present the W -index, a simple metric to evaluate gender ratios, and specifically the representation of women, in research collaborations and other aspects of scientific life. Here it is applied to three case studies: internal collaborations derived from six years of research outputs across a university, co-author groups from 60 years of publications across a journal collection, and supervisor-student relationships over 60 years. Despite contrasting sources, these datasets show common features: W -index increases as the proportion of women increases W -index also increases with age or career stage, and women have a consistently higher W -index compared to men. We finish with reflections and recommendations for individuals, organisations, and funding bodies to action positive and timely change towards gender equity.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.013
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.061
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: Evaluation · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.987
Threshold uncertainty score0.070

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0130.061
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0170.020
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0050.004
Open science0.0010.004
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0110.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.188
GPT teacher head0.412
Teacher spread0.225 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
DomainEvaluation
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venuebioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)→Same topicSex and Gender in Healthcare→French-language works237,207→