A Pragmatic Approach to Casing Deformation Remediation for Post Stimulation Wellbore Access Assurance Utilizing an Iterative Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Lateral wellbore sections below moderate to severely deformed regions are often abandoned as uncertainty of actual final recovery and variance associated with cost of intervention can ascend at a rapid rate. This is of particular importance when encountering instances of bedding plane slippage affecting the build section or liner top of the well; effectively restricting access to the entire wellbore and rendering the stimulated zones inaccessible. In this scenario, limited options for removal of temporary obstructions such as composite frac plugs are available and conventional bypassing options carry additional inherent operational risks when deployed. The objective of this paper is to explore consistently successful methodologies for removal of casing impediments introduced during the process of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF) in unconventional plays. This work intends to identify practical and repeatable methods for regaining access to sections of the wellbore below the deformed area with consistent results and a low variance of outcomes. The solutions presented are summarized from a comprehensive review of operations performed on twenty wells wherein the nature of the deformations examined are principally tectonic factors such as natural fractures, fault slip and bedding-parallel slippage Type III (Casero & Rylance, 2020) in the Montney formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB), though other deformation root-causes were present. However, this study focuses on remedial solutions post-event rather than exploring causation or event mitigation, as other works have, and this paper is thereby agnostic to root-cause factors present in the underlying sample cases. Here we explore an iterative approach to remediation through which each deformation is measured and examined for severity then opened via a downhole machining process subject to the restraint of induced casing breach and additional contextual considerations are applied in selecting final methodologies for implementation. Access to the toe of the well is then able to be confirmed utilizing a risk-adjusted procedure selected using real-time assessment. Through evidence-based process refinements, the required steps are able to be quantified, normalized and optimized to a near 100% success rate. The findings presented in this case history review serve as a demonstration that economic and measurable solutions to wellbore recovery following a MSHF induced deformation event can be obtained from the perspective of service providers and well operators with the ultimate objective of reestablishing flow assurance from the toe of the well in the fewest steps possible.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".