Surgical management and outcome of medulloblastoma patients at Addis Ababa between 2010 and 2018
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in pediatric patients and is relatively rare in adults. Despite remarkable improvement in survival over recent decades, the high success rates in management documented in the Western world are not mirrored in middle- and low-income countries, due to various socio-economic factors and health-care disparities. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess surgical treatment outcome and prognostic factors in operated patients with medulloblastoma in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Myungsung Christian Medical Center, the 2 largest neurosurgical units in Ethiopia. Methods: This retrospective study involved 27 patients (21 children and 6 adolescent or young adults) who underwent surgery for medulloblastoma between January 2010 and April 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect patients' data and their treatment outcomes. Results: the 6 months and 1-year overall survival (OS) were 41% and 29% respectively, with a median survival time of 107 days (95% CI: 49,166). Median OS was 66 days (95% CI: 27,105), with 6 months and one-year OS rate of 24% for pediatric patients. Younger age at presentation, postoperative open EVD, longer Intensive Care Unit stay, lack of radiation treatment & postoperative complications were negative predictors of outcome. Conclusion: This experience underscores the high number of undiagnosed patients with medulloblastoma in Ethiopia and the poor outcome of patients who undergo active treatment. Standardization of treatment with surgery, craniospinal irradiation ± chemotherapy yields longer survival rates in both pediatric and adult patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".