Abstract 4370743: Sex Differences in Cognitive and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults with Moderate to Complex Congenital Heart Disease Compared to Controls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Adults with moderate-to-complex congenital heart disease (CHD) show psychosocial and neurocognitive deficits, particularly in mood, anxiety, and cognitive domains. However, sex differences in neuropsychological outcomes remain underexplored. Objective: To examine sex-based differences in cognitive and psychosocial outcomes in adults with CHD compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods: 80 adults (20 female CHD, 20 male CHD, 20 female controls, 20 males controls) were recruited. Cognitive tests were administered (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence [WASI-II]) and questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, and perceived social support were completed. Group comparisons were completed using independent samples t-tests, and the relationships between psychosocial and cognitive variables were examined using Pearson correlations. Results: The CHD group showed significantly worse neurocognitive performance in multiple domains (visuospatial/executive function (VISEXEC), attention, language, WASI-II full-scale IQ, verbal comprehension (VCI), perceptual reasoning (PRI) subscales), and higher anxiety and depression scores compared to controls (all p values < .030). The male CHD group performed significantly worse on the MoCA (p < .001), VISEXEC (p < .001), VCI (p = .05), PRI (p < .001), full-scale IQ (p = .002), and reported greater anxiety, depression, and lower social support (p = .049) compared to male controls. The female CHD group had significantly lower scores on the MoCA (p = .003), executive function (p = .001), attention (p = .002), WASI-II subtasks matrix reasoning (p < .001), vocabulary (p = .006), block design (p = .007), with no differences found in psychosocial measures compared to controls. In correlational analyses, among males with CHD, greater social support was associated with better executive function (r = 0.49, p < .03). Conclusions: Sex differences in adults with CHD are apparent in some cognitive and psychosocial domains compared to controls. Findings highlight the significance of social support and its association with executive function in adult males with CHD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".