Optical RF memory with an ultra-long storage time of 13 ms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An optical RF memory (ORFM) based on a fiber acousto-optic frequency shifting loop (AO-FSL) for microwave signal storage with, to our knowledge, a record-long storage time of 13 ms is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The key to achieving a long storage time is the use of a distributed Raman fiber amplifier (DRFA) that can compensate for the loop loss while maintaining an ultra-low noise figure (NF). An acousto-optic frequency shifter is employed in the loop to avoid lasing. To test the ORFM, a microsecond-long microwave signal is amplitude-modulated on an optical carrier and injected into the AO-FSL. Experimental results show that the ORFM enables the storage of microwave signals, including single-tone and linearly frequency modulated (LFM) microwave signals, with signal durations up to 10 μs and a record-long storage time of 13 ms. This corresponds to more than 300 circulations in the AO-FSL, representing the highest number ever reported to date. Compared with a digital RF memory, our proposed ORFM eliminates the need for the high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC), offering a wide operational bandwidth and simplified system architecture. These advantages make it particularly well-suited for electronic warfare applications where an ORFM having a long storage time and a high signal fidelity is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".