Cognitive Outcome in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Disease Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery with or without Near Infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring: A Randomized Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: To assess the effect of NIRS monitoring on the cognitive outcome of asymptomatic carotid artery disease patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, among 50 asymptomatic carotid artery disease patients undergoing OPCAB. Fifty patients were randomized to either an NIRS monitored group or a control group to receive standard monitoring. Cognitive performance was measured with the MOCA score at preoperative, 24 hours, and 6 days after the operation. Duration of ICU stay was also documented and examined through SPSS software. Results: Both groups had a decrease in MOCA scores at 24 hours post-surgery, with partial recovery by day 6. The NIRS group had a slightly lower percentage change in MOCA scores than the control group, but without statistical significance. There was no significant difference in ICU stay between the groups. Overall, NIRS monitoring revealed a trend toward improved cognitive outcomes, although without statistical significance. Conclusion: Near Infrared Spectroscopy did not demonstrate statistically significant cognitive protection, trends did suggest slightly better cognitive preservation in the NIRS group. The study provides evidence for the viability of NIRS as an adjunct to monitoring, though further studies with larger samples might be required to determine its efficacy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".