Determining Impact of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Waves on Human Pregnancy and Teratogenicity: A Protocol for Systematic Review (Preprint)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> The widespread use of mobile devices has resulted in a significant increase in global exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic waves (EMW). Growing evidence suggests possible biological effects of EMW on vulnerable populations, particularly pregnant women. These include miscarriage, fetal malformations, and impaired placental function. However, the current literature presents inconsistent findings, and consolidated evidence remains limited </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This systematic review protocol aims to synthesize and critically evaluate the teratogenic and pregnancy-related effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic wave exposure among pregnant women </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> This protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P 2020) guidelines and has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023475665). A comprehensive literature search will be conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar, without restrictions on publication year but limited to English-language studies. Eligible studies will include pregnant women exposed to EMW from mobile phones or related devices. Primary outcomes encompass pregnancy complications (e.g., miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and low birth weight) and fetal anomalies. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), STROBE, and JBI critical appraisal tools. Data will be synthesized qualitatively, and when appropriate, quantitatively using RevMan 5.4 or STATA software </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> As this is a protocol, no results are available at present. Findings will be synthesized and reported according to PRISMA 2020 standards once data extraction and analysis are completed. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> This systematic review will provide consolidated evidence regarding the potential teratogenic and pregnancy-related effects of non-ionizing EMW exposure. The results are expected to guide future research, inform public health policy, and support evidence-based recommendations for safe mobile device usage during pregnancy </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023475665 </sec>
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".