The mediterranean diet and acne vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Acne vulgaris is chronic skin condition with considerable physical, psychological, social, and economic impacts. Adherence to Western diets with a high glycemic index and dairy content has been linked to acne. However, the associations between acne and the Mediterranean diet (MD), a non-Western diet, have not been reviewed. This review aimed to examine the associations between adherence to the MD and the development and severity of acne vulgaris. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies examining the association between adherence to the MD and acne vulgaris. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. The Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model to pool the odds ratio (OR) and correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Five case‒control studies were included, with 765 participants, 340 cases, and 425 controls. The meta-analysis found that higher adherence to the MD was not significantly associated with lower odds of acne development (OR 0.32, CI = 0.08-1.28), with high heterogeneity (Q test p = .02, I2 = 75%). The second meta-analysis of correlational studies found a significant negative correlation between adherence to the MD and acne severity (correlation coefficient= -0.29, CI= -0.55 to -0.03), with high heterogeneity (Q test p = .008, I2 = 79%). Higher consumption of vegetables was significantly associated with lower odds of acne development (OR = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.29-0.74). The quality of evidence for the associations with both acne development and severity was low. CONCLUSIONS: This review found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly correlated with less severe acne, while the association with acne development was not significant. Due to the low number of studies, small sample size, and methodological limitations, more well-designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".