Risk factors for venous thromboembolism after knee arthroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, a growing number of knee arthroscopy (KA) procedures have been associated with an escalating incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), posing a significant threat to patient well-being. Nevertheless, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and synthesize the risk factors associated with VTE following KA, thereby establishing a scientific foundation for developing evidence-based clinical preventive measures. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search across the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant literature spanning from January 1, 2019, to January 1, 2025. We meticulously reviewed all English-language observational studies about the risk factors associated with VTE after KA. The quality of the selected studies was critically appraised utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Subsequently, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined to assess the relationship between various risk factors and the incidence of VTE after KA. RESULTS: A total of 11 observational studies were included, all of which demonstrated moderate to high methodological quality. The studies involved 875,099 patients who underwent arthroscopic KA. The meta-analysis results indicated that the risk factors for venous thrombosis after KA include age over 30 years (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: [1.20, 2.12], P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) over 25 (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: [1.07, 1.41], P = 0.004), and D-dimer over 0.62 mg/L (OR = 5.69, 95% CI: [1.41, 22.89], P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Age over 30 years, BMI over 25, and D-dimer over 0.62 mg/L are significant risk factors for VTE following KA. Limited evidence also suggests an association between oral contraceptive use and a higher risk of VTE following KA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.036 | 0.012 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".