The burden of sleep disturbances on quality of life and mental well-being in nearly 50,000 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with and without concurrent vasomotor symptoms from the United States and Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To quantify the burden of sleep disturbances on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental well-being in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with/without co-occurring vasomotor symptoms (VMS). METHODS: Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years who participated in the National Health and Wellness 2019/2021 (US; N=27,621) and 2017/2020 cross-sectional surveys (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK; N=20,220) were included. Patient-reported outcomes were HRQoL (Short-Form Health Survey physical and mental component summary scores, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale, EQ-5D-5L), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 assessment). Associations between self-reported sleep disturbances and/or VMS and study outcomes were evaluated using generalized multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Among perimenopausal women, sleep disturbances were reported by 61.7% (US) and 60.6% (Europe) with VMS, and 38.0% (US) and 40.8% (Europe) without VMS. Among postmenopausal women, sleep disturbances were reported by 66.7% (US) and 63.4% (Europe) with VMS, and 44.5% (US) and 40.9% (Europe) without VMS. Compared with women with neither symptom, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with sleep disturbances had worse HRQoL ( P <0.001) and higher (worse) depression and anxiety scores ( P <0.05 perimenopausal, P <0.001 postmenopausal) irrespective of VMS. In addition, among postmenopausal women, those with sleep disturbances alone had worse HRQoL and higher (worse) depression and anxiety scores than those with VMS alone ( P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disturbance was common among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women irrespective of VMS, and independently associated with negative effects on HRQoL, depression, and anxiety. Effective treatments for sleep disturbances and VMS in menopausal women are needed to mitigate the associated burden and improve well-being.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".