Association of periodontal disease with risk atrial fibrillation: systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting nearly 50% of adults globally, drives systemic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, shares pathophysiological links with inflammation. This systematic review evaluates the association between PD and AF risk, addressing gaps in existing evidence. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to September 2025. Observational studies that met PICOS criteria (adults with/without PD, PD exposure, AF outcome) were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in PD/AF definitions. RESULTS: Four high-quality studies (NOS ≥ 6) were analyzed. All studies demonstrated a consistent association between PD and increased AF risk, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.03 to 1.31. Severe PD showed stronger associations (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06–1.62), while PD recovery attenuated risk (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97–1.04). Mechanistically, PD-related systemic inflammation (e.g., elevated C-reactive protein) and pathogen translocation (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis) was implicated in atrial remodeling. Regular dental care was associated with reduced AF incidence. CONCLUSION: PD is significantly associated with an elevated risk of AF, particularly in severe or persistent cases. The findings underscore PD as a modifiable risk factor, highlighting the potential of periodontal interventions in AF prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".