Effect of interfacial bonding conditions on the bending behavior of hybrid aluminum/thermoplastic composite tubes manufactured via automated fiber placement
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybrid aluminum/thermoplastic composite tubes manufactured by automated fiber placement (AFP) are promising energy-absorbing members, yet their performance is governed by the aluminum–laminate interface. We study two nominally identical lay-ups that differ only in the first ply at the aluminum surface (CF/PEEK vs. GF/PEEK) and link interfacial quality to the four-point-bending response. Optical microscopy shows that the GF/PEEK first ply produces smaller gaps at the interface. Correspondingly, mechanical tests exhibit higher initial stiffness, higher peak load, and greater energy absorption relative to the CF/PEEK case. A finite-element framework that replicates the test setup varies only the interface condition—no-bond (contact/friction), partial-bond with a zero-thickness cohesive-zone model (CZM), and full-bond—while bracketing failure with two criteria: a conservative maximum-stress trigger and a mode-aware Hashin formulation. The GF/PEEK configuration shows similarity to the defined partial-bond response, the CF/PEEK configuration to the no-bond limit, and the full-bond case defines an achievable upper bound. Overall, the results demonstrate that interfacial condition is an effective lever for improving bending performance in hybrid aluminum/thermoplastic composite tubes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it