Low-power telecom-pumped broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a SiC–AsSe <sub>2</sub> cascaded waveguide
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Supercontinuum (SC) generation in the mid-infrared (MIR) regime is pivotal for a wide range of applications, including spectroscopy, biomedical sensing, and environmental monitoring. In this work, we demonstrate MIR supercontinuum generation spanning 1.41–12.43 µ m at the −30 dB power level in a selenium-based chalcogenide waveguide, achieved with relatively low input power from a commercially available 1.55 µ m pump source. Direct pumping of chalcogenide waveguides at telecom wavelengths is hindered by unfavorable dispersion; to overcome this, we propose a dual-stage cascaded waveguide design with identical cross-sections for both stages. The first stage, a silicon carbide (SiC) waveguide, is efficiently excited by the telecom-band pump, and its output is subsequently coupled into an arsenic diselenide (AsSe 2 ) waveguide, enabling substantial spectral broadening into the MIR. The cascaded structure, consisting of 8 mm-long SiC and AsSe 2 cores, is dispersion-engineered to tailor group velocity dispersion and maximize nonlinear interaction. Moreover, employing a common MgF 2 bottom cladding and air top cladding for both stages simplifies the fabrication process. Numerical investigations confirm that this configuration enables broadband SC generation with a minimal peak power of only 1 kW.To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the cascaded SiC–AsSe 2 geometry reported here achieves among the broadest MIR coverage reported to date when using a 1.55 µ m pump and 1 kW peak power. This advancement establishes a practical and scalable pathway for MIR SC sources, unlocking new opportunities across diverse application domains.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it