A Decade of Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Support in Colombia, a Middle‐Income Country
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation is the main treatment for refractory end-stage heart failure in patients of all ages, but its use is limited by the availability of organs, especially in pediatric populations. The International Hospital of Colombia has been a pioneer and the single center with the capability in the country for providing ventricular assist device (VAD) support using the CentriMag/PediMag-Levitronix paracorporeal VAD for pediatric patients awaiting transplant, with over a decade of experience albeit with many challenges. METHODS: This retrospective study examines outcomes from 26 pediatric patients who received VAD support between 2012 and 2023. RESULTS: Most patients were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 20, 77%), had an average age of 8.5 years (SD 5.3), and ranged in weight from 5 to 59 kg. The median duration of VAD support was 50.5 days, with 17 (81%) of surviving patients (n = 21), successfully undergoing transplantation. Neurological injury was the most common complication, affecting 69% of patients. The overall survival rate to VAD support was 81% and patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) showed a higher post-transplant survival rate compared to those with biventricular assist devices (BiVAD). CONCLUSIONS: This comparative analysis highlights the challenges faced in Colombia, particularly in implementing advanced medical technologies in middle-income countries. Despite these constraints, the study demonstrates notable patient survival, suggesting that targeted efforts to improve resource allocation and technology access could further enhance results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".