Virus-Specific Alterations in Placental Structure and Transporter Expression Following Maternal Arbovirus Infection: A Qualitative Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective : Investigate whether CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV impair placental histomorphometry and nutrient, hormone and xenobiotic transporters, in pregnancies with limited neonatal complications. Design : Quantitative study of changes in placental histomorphometry and functional markers after arbovirus infection. Setting : Cross-sectional cohort of 56 pregnancies from the Maternity School Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Sample : Placental fragments (n=54) collected from singleton pregnancies infected by CHIKV (n=14), DENV (n=10), and ZIKV (n=15) (uncomplicated) or from healthy controls (HC, n=15; pre-ZIKV outbreak). Methods : Histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry quantified cellular volumetric proportion, transporter and cell turnover markers. Data were analysed by ANOVA or PCA. Main Outcome Measures : Arboviral infection caused specific placental histomorphometric and transporter changes, independent of fetal outcomes. Results : Arboviruses caused distinct placental structural changes and reduced protective and nutrient transporters expression, with virus specific patterns. Infected placentae showed altered histomorphometry and transporter profiles (ABCA1, SNATs, GLUTs, MCT8, Ki67) compared to controls. DENV decreased syncytial knot area vs HC and ZIKV, reduced connective tissue area compared to HC and CHIKV, and increased fetal blood vessel (FBV) area vs HC. ZIKV had reduced syncytiotrophoblast and increased FBV area vs HC. PCA showed distinct separation of uninfected versus infected groups based on placental function markers but not histomorphometry (all p<0.05). Conclusions : Arbovirus-exposed placentae exhibited histomorphometric alteration, including reduced syncytiotrophoblast cell area, and impaired expression of nutrient/hormone and protective xenobiotic transporter markers. These subclinical alterations may impose intrauterine programming, with potential long-term health impacts for exposed children—even in cases with minimal neonatal complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".