Analysis of Cooling Regimes as a Function of Biot Number During Quenching by Immersion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the transition temperature and duration of the cooling regimes (film boiling, transition boiling, nucleate boiling, and convection) during quenching by immersion of specimens covering a range of Biot numbers from 0.70 to 1.32. Test data were acquired under an industrial environment, thus capturing the in situ conditions, information that is rarely available in the literature. The experimentally acquired cooling curves were processed to determine characteristic points, in the form of time, temperature, and cooling rate, representing the transition between cooling regimes. These points were precisely identified as per the peaks of the cooling curve derivatives with respect to time. The results show that transition temperatures tend to decrease with the number following a linear behavior. Correlation models between the duration of each regime and the number were developed following the nonlinear behavior of the regimes. The duration of boiling phases and convection evolve inversely; the former prevails as the number decreases, while the latter drives the cooling time for larger numbers. The models provide reference points for time and temperature that constitute the basis for a more comprehensive thermal modeling of immersion quenching.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".